Calcium Hydroxide Removal Using Four Different Irrigation Systems: A Quantitative Evaluation by Scanning Electron Microscopy

This study compares conventional endodontic needle irrigation, passive ultrasonic apical negative pressure and mechanical activation to remove calcium hydroxide from single straight root canals. Eighty-four mandibular premolars were prepared in a crown-down manner up size #40. Two teeth represented control, another two served as positive control. Calcium paste was placed inside The remaining eighty samples analyzed based on the techniques, cleanliness of canals quantified using Fiji’s software 500× magnified SEM backscattered electron micrographs. Considering whole canal, all instruments showed better performance than irrigation removing (p < 0.05). Irrisafe XP-endo Finisher could significantly higher amount Endovac have been able more EndoVac.